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Jalaluddin Haqqani
Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani ((パシュトー語:جلال الدين حقاني)) (1939 - 2014)〔Vahid Brown, Don Rassler,(''Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012,'' ) Oxford University Press, 2013 p.28.〕 was the leader of the Haqqani network, an insurgent group fighting in guerilla warfare initially against US-led NATO forces, and the present government of Afghanistan they support. He distinguished himself as an internationally-sponsored insurgent fighter in the 1980s during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, including Operation Magistral. By 2004, he was directing pro-Taliban militants to launch a holy war in Afghanistan. Within Pakistan, Jalaluddin had a cordial relation with Pakistan but he did not act against the TTP, earning controversy though Pakistan saw him as a strategic asset who could mediate between the various factions. Jalaluddin retains considerable local popularity on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, and he is the most experienced Islamist leader in the region.〔
〕 Steve Coll, author of ''Ghost Wars'', claims that Haqqani introduced suicide bombing in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region.〔(Return of the Taliban ), ''PBS Frontline'', 3 October 2006〕〔A. Gopal, ''Who are the Taliban?'' in: Nation, Volume: 287 Issue: 21 (22 December 2008) p20〕
Media reports emerged in late July 2015 that Haqqani had died the previous year. These reports were denied by the Taliban and some members of the Haqqani family.
==Early life==
Haqqani was born, the son of a wealthy landowner and trader, in 1939 in the village of Karezgay in the Zadran district of Paktia Province, Afghanistan, though the family later moved to Sultankhel.〔Vahid Brown, Don Rassler, ibid. p.28〕 He is an ethnic Pashtun from the Zadran tribe of Khost. He undertook advanced religious studies at the Dar-al-'Ulam Haqqaniya Deobandi seminary in 1964〔Vahid Brown, Don Rassler pp.38,42.〕 and was graduated with a doctorate which entitled him to the status of mawlawi in Peshawar in 1970.〔Brian Glyn Williams, (''Afghanistan Declassified: A Guide to America's Longest War,'' ) University of Pennsylvania Pres, 2012 p.142.〕 After King Zahir Shah's exile and President Daoud Khan rise to power in 1973, the political situation in Afghanistan was slowly beginning to change. A number of parties such as the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and others were seeking power. Haqqani was one of them, and after being suspected of plotting against the government he went into exile and based himself in and around Miranshah, Pakistan. From there he began to organise a rebellion against the government of Daoud Khan in 1975. After the 1978 Marxist revolution by the PDPA, Haqqani joined the Hezb-i Islami of Mawlawi Mohammad Yunus Khalis.〔 It was during this time that Haqqani began to build a relationship with the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) spy network.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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